Endocrine Abstracts

Aim: One of the hallmarks of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is impaired beta cell function, which develops in part as a result of widespread cellular de-differentiation. The current state-of-the-art defines beta cells as a heterogeneous islet population, with the existence of individual subpopulations including specialised ‘pacemakers’. We sought here to understand how overexpression-induced beta cell maturity affects such heterogeneity, befo...

Aim: One of the hallmarks of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is impaired beta cell function, which develops in part as a result of widespread cellular de-differentiation. The current state-of-the-art defines beta cells as a heterogeneous islet population, with the existence of individual subpopulations including specialised ‘pacemakers’. We sought here to understand how overexpression-induced beta cell maturity affects such heterogeneity, befo...

Aims: Prolyl-4 hydroxylase domain protein 3 (PHD3) is an alpha ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase involved in the oxygen-dependent regulation of cell phenotype. While PHD3 has been reported to suppress insulin sensitivity in the liver, little is known about effects of the enzyme in insulin-secreting β-cells.Methods: βPHD3−/− mice were generated by crossing the Ins1Cre driver line with animals bearing a floxed Egln3</...

The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) expressed in various tissues such as brain and pancreas where it contributes to the regulation of energy expenditure and metabolism. Due to its involvement in glucose-dependent release of insulin from pancreatic beta cells, the GLP-1R has become a blockbuster target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Despite this, debate still exists about the exact distribution of the GLP-1R throughout the...

Background: A normal islet includes both mature and immature β-cells, with the former possessing higher insulin content and the latter displaying better proliferative capacity. However, it remains unknown whether immature β-cells also contribute to the regulation of insulin release, especially by commanding the activity of their mature counterparts.Materials and methods: Pdx1, Mafa, and Ngn3 were overexpressed in &#94...

The ability of the thyroid to accumulate iodide via the sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) can be utilised to successfully treat the majority of thyroid cancers with radioiodide. However, approximately 25% of thyroid cancers lose this functional NIS activity and become unresponsive to radioiodide therapy, resulting in a poorer prognosis. Our knowledge of NIS regulation is limited, but as dimerisation of NIS has been proposed, we sought to investigate NIS dimerisation and its impact...

The ability of the thyroid to accumulate iodide via the sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) can be utilised to successfully treat the majority of thyroid cancers with radioiodide. However, approximately 25% of thyroid cancers lose this functional NIS activity and become unresponsive to radioiodide therapy, resulting in a poorer prognosis. Our knowledge of NIS regulation is limited, but as dimerisation of NIS has been proposed, we sought to investigate NIS dimerisation and its impact...